1. Nanmu: There are many kinds of nanmu, the color is rich and even, the flexibility is small, the operation is simple and durable, and the best one is the wrong wood. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, in addition to the overall use of Nanmu, the furniture is often used in cooperation with several kinds of hard wood. Nanmu has another characteristic, that is, in addition to Huamu, its knots are more than other trees, so the Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture used in the prominent position of the coffin, mostly Nanmuzi. It has been paid attention to since ancient times, and it has been recorded frequently. It has the titles of “骰柏楠”, “门柏楠”, “门斑楠”, and it is described as “full face grape” to describe its fine and beautiful stripes. Most of these nanmu scorpions are dissected from the roots of large nanmu in western Sichuan. There are three kinds of nanmu: one is fragrant nan, the wood is purple and fragrant, the texture is also very beautiful; the second is jinnan, the wood grain has gold wire, which is the best kind of nanmu, more rare is that there is The Nanmu data forms a natural landscape character. The third is water, the wood is soft, and it is used to make furniture.
2. Birch: There are abalone birch, scientific name betula davurica, arbor, high six feet, producing Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin and other places, the wood is light brown, the grain is fine and shiny, the quality is rougher than his kind; the strong birch, the other name, the scientific name betula chinensis , small trees, produced in Hebei, Henan, Liaoning and other places, the wood is initially white, later reddish brown, shiny, strong and fine, is the crown of North China wood, commonly known as South Rosewood, the name of the North. Birch has rotating markings, large plates, slightly heavy and hard, easy to process, and the cutting surface is lubricated, suitable for carving and manufacturing all kinds of furniture.
3. Buxus microphylia: also known as boxwood, evergreen shrub, or small tree, produced in central China, wood is pale yellow, old is light green, with a streaked line, very fine, difficult to split It grows slowly and has no large materials. It is generally used to make wooden combs and used for engraving. For furniture, it is more inlaid. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the furniture was used in cooperation with hard wood to form components such as scorpions and teeth, or to create mosaics.
4.Thuja orientalis: yellow wood, heavy weight, fine texture, similar to boxwood, tough and fine, with aroma, can be used for carving and stationery materials, its nature is not cracking, long shelf life, for picture plates and Civil engineering materials.
5. Cinnamomum camphora: Evergreen trees, from a few feet to more than ten feet, with a diameter of up to one foot and five feet, the bark is yellowish brown, the heartwood is reddish brown, the sapwood is taupe, the lines are fine, and the markings are delicate. It is not easy to be deformed and can be used for carving. It is produced in the southeastern coastal provinces of China, especially in Fujian and Taiwan. Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces also have. Wood has aroma and can avoid insects. It has long been used as a box, box, cabinet, cabinet, or in cooperation with hardwood. Its value is lower than that of Nanmu.
6. Tochigi: Produced in various parts of Liaodong, China, and there are many North Korea. Therefore, the old masters of Beijing used to call it "Gao Limu." The wood is tough, and the pale texture has dark stripes with 1-2 cm long ends. 1. Rosewood: Produced in India, the Philippines, Guangdong, Malay Peninsula, Thailand. Is a small Choco, deciduous trees, and sometimes evergreen, bark gray-green, tree trunks are too twisted, the selection of materials is very small, it is extremely difficult to get long trees of large diameter, sapwood is narrow, raw materials are fine and firm, sinking into the water, heartwood Bright red & or orange-red, after a long exposure to the air, it turns purple-brown stripes, the lines are slim and floating, the changes are constant, there is aroma, and it is also a valuable medicine. The chair made with it, the sofa and the healing effect are the Chinese since ancient times. Thought the most precious wood. "Narra, p. echinatus" in the Philippines, padauk (p. dalbergoides) in the Andaman Islands, bloodwood p. angolensis in Africa, dragon's in Latin America (dragon's) Blood, p. draco), Indochina's rosewood (p. indicus) is a rosewood.
7. Huanghua Pear: Also known as the fragrant yellow sandalwood, the color ranges from light yellow to purple red, the wood is solid, the markings are exaggerated, the fragrance is fragrant, and when it is sawn, the fragrance is overflowing. The information is very large. Some of the big cases are two or three feet long and two feet wide. It is the primary source of attention to furniture in the early Ming and early Qing dynasties.
8. Hualien/Xinhuali: China produces itself, Fujian, Guangdong, and Yunnan, and many of them are imported from Myanmar and Thailand. The wood color is yellow and red, which is thicker than the yellow pear, but the grain is straight, slightly worse than the yellow pear, and has no pleasant fragrance. Sawdust is immersed in water, which is easily infected by hand injury and is slightly toxic.
9. Chicken wing wood: also known as eucalyptus, iron knife, butyl wood, produced in Myanmar, Thailand, India, Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries. Also divided into new and old two, the old chicken wing wood texture is fine, purple brown and deep and thin lines, especially the longitudinal and slightly oblique section, slender and floating, giving the human fluffy flickering feeling, resembling chicken wings. Compared with rosewood and red sandalwood, the chicken wing wood has less value for production, and the wood grain road has unique characteristics. Therefore, it is loved by the world for its small amount of living and beautiful and beautiful charm. The new chicken wing wood is rough, purple and black, the grain is generally turbid, the stiffness is not rotating, and the wood is sometimes simply creased. The wood is cut out in bright yellow, which turns brown or dark brown after touching the air. The porous material and the tube hole are small, containing black gum, sediment or invading body. Although the wood structure is thick, the cut surface is beautiful, and the black, white and purple colors in the marking form the reed rooster hair, and the wood is firm and processed. Difficult, the quotation is larger than the average mahogany furniture. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the old chicken wings were less used in furniture, and the new chicken wing wood (ormosia hosieio) was still used in modern times.
10. Mesua ferrea: also known as iron pear wood, stone salt, iron edge, iron chestnut. It is one of the hardest wood species that grows the most, and has a lower value. Large evergreen trees, trunks erect, high can be more than ten feet, diameter up to Zhang Xu, native to India. The iron color is very similar to the color of the chicken wing wood. In fact, the iron-grained wood has coarse grain and is prominent in the eye, and it is not difficult to distinguish it from the chicken wing wood.
11. Ebony: Also known as Uwenmu, Wujiao, Heimu, etc., originating in India, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and other countries. The heartwood is black (pure black or slightly green jade) and irregular black, the growth rings are not significant, the tube space is very small, the wood is shiny, no special smell and taste, the structure is fine and uniform, the raw materials are hard and heavy, The sense of oil, sinking in the water, the color is black and very brittle, like the red sandalwood and more fine, the big ones are rare.
12. Ebony: Origin of Indonesia, Shanghai people call it green wood, the characteristics and material are similar to ebony, the texture until the light interweaving, the structure is fine, hard and heavy, with a sense of grease, generally sinking in water.
13. Redwood: The most common type of hardwood today, but it is widely used after the middle of the Qing Dynasty. It is imported after the lack of huanghuali and old chicken wing wood. There is also the name of sable, which Guangdong calls "sour branches", and mahogany is the prevailing title of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the North. Produced in India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries, it is one of the valuable species of Dalbergia. The heartwood is orange, light reddish brown, reddish brown, purple red, purple brown to dark brown, and the color is uneven. The dark stripes are noticeable, and the raw materials are strong, wear-resistant and sinking in water. Redwood also has new and old points. The old mahogany is similar to red sandalwood, but the gloss is darker, the color is lighter, the texture is finer and less dense, and there is aroma, but it is not as good as huanghua pear. The new mahogany color is reddish, with markings, sometimes quite like huanghuali, and it is still imported a lot.
14. Elm: Also known as Shadowwood, Shadowwood is not a specific species, but refers to the tumor that is born after the tree is sick, which is the result of woody proliferation. The wood is multi-section, and it is reduced to a pattern of landscape figures and birds and beasts. Some wood grain is formed into small grape lines and stems and leaves. The name is “full of grapes”, which is very ornamental and is the best decoration material. There are many kinds of eucalyptus, including hibiscus, nanmu, eucalyptus, eucalyptus, and rosewood, among which rosewood is the most valuable.
15. Z.schneideriana: Eucalyptus grandiflora, wood is firm, color and beauty, its age and wood with red color, named bloody. The Beijingers call the coffin a Nanxun, and the passing of the Nanzhao furniture is purely Ming style. The manufacturing method is different from that of Huanghuali and chicken wing wood. Some folks have strong flavors and unique personalities. The value of art should not be under other precious wood.
